Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It can result from motor vehicle collisions, falls, sports injuries, violence and work-related incidents. Recent research emphasizes that even mild TBIs, such as concussions, can have lasting cognitive and emotional effects, making prevention and proper care essential.
Prevention
The best way to manage a brain injury is to prevent it. Following these evidence-based guidelines can help reduce the risk:
- At home: Ensure adequate lighting, secure loose rugs, and install safety gates for stairs and basement doors to prevent falls. For older adults, consider grab bars in bathrooms and non-slip mats.
- At work: Maintain a clutter-free environment, follow Occupational Safety and Health Administration safety guidelines (e.g., use harnesses, hard hats and ergonomic tools) and avoid standing on the top step of a ladder.
- During sports and recreation: Always wear appropriate safety gear, including helmets and mouthguards. Avoid techniques that increase the risk of head trauma, such as headbutting in soccer or improper tackling in football.
- While traveling: Wear seatbelts, use helmets when riding bikes or motorcycles and avoid distractions such as texting while driving. Never drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
- For child safety: Never shake or strike an infant or small child. Carefully monitor children on elevated surfaces and secure heavy furniture to the wall to prevent tipping injuries.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Medical attention is crucial if a head injury results in any of the following:
- Loss of consciousness for more than one minute
- Persistent confusion or difficulty recognizing people or places
- Repeated vomiting
- Unequal pupil size or sudden vision changes
- Weakness, numbness or difficulty speaking
- Persistent headache that worsens over time
Some TBIs may not show immediate symptoms, but delayed cognitive or emotional changes (e.g., mood swings, difficulty concentrating or memory loss) should also prompt medical evaluation.
Caring for Your Brain Post-Injury
While prevention is essential, knowing how to care for your brain after an injury is also crucial. Here are some tips for managing brain health post-injury:
- Rest and recovery: Allow time for rest and avoid activities that could lead to another injury. Gradually reintroduce cognitive and physical activities as advised by a health care provider.
- Follow medical advice: Adhere to all medical advice and rehabilitation plans, including medications, therapy and follow-up appointments.
- Monitor symptoms: Keep track of any changes in mood, behavior or cognitive function and report these to your health care provider.
- Stay informed: Educate yourself and your family about brain injuries to better understand the recovery process and the support needed.
By following these guidelines, you can help protect yourself and your loved ones from the risks associated with TBIs and ensure proper care if an injury occurs.
How UofL Health Can Help
UofL Physicians – Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, part of the UofL Health – Brain & Spine Institute, specializes in neurological and musculoskeletal medicine with a primary focus on restoring function. Our team uses the latest research and advanced techniques to aid recovery and improve quality of life. Our specialists provide care at UofL Health – Frazier Rehabilitation Institute, one of the most advanced rehabilitation facilities in the country.
A health care provider may refer you to a Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation specialist for rehabilitation care, or you can make an appointment yourself by calling 502-588-2160.
Comprehensive Brain Injury Rehabilitation
The UofL Health – Frazier Rehabilitation Institute – Brain Injury Program serves patients of all ages and stages of recovery, including traumatic and non-traumatic brain injuries. Our program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) and focuses on restoring functional independence while reintegrating individuals into their homes and communities in meaningful ways. To learn more about this program, call 502-582-7476.
