What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder causes extreme changes in a person’s mood, energy, and activity level. These changes are much different from normal every day “ups and downs”. They are exaggerated and severe. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience extreme “highs” and “lows”. Bipolar disorder is treatable, and individuals diagnosed with the disorder can lead full and productive lives with proper treatment.
The facts
Every year, 2.9% of the U.S. population is diagnosed with bipolar disorder, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness.
Although bipolar disorder can occur at any point in life, the average age of onset is 25.
What to watch for
Individuals with bipolar disorder experience both mood and behavioral changes during the manic and depressive stages of their illness.
For example, during the high or manic stages of the illness, people may experience:
- Increased energy and restlessness
- Feeling overly happy
- Extreme irritability
- Racing thoughts
- Jumping from one idea to another
- Inability to concentrate
- Little need for sleep
- Unrealistic beliefs in one’s abilities and powers
- Impulsive behavior
- Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior
- Denial that anything is wrong
In the down or depressive stage of the illness, people experience:
- Sad, anxious or empty mood
- Restlessness or irritability
- Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
- Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
- Thoughts of death or suicide
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Decreased energy or fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisions
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Changes in appetite
In severe situations, people with bipolar disorder may lose touch with reality and hear, see or feel things that do not actually exist. Sensing something as real when it is not is called a hallucination. People with severe bipolar disorder may also have delusions, which means they believe things to be true when they are not, such as they can fly or have x-ray vision.
Treatment options
If left untreated, bipolar disorder can create problems in people’s relationships, jobs or school. While there is no cure for bipolar disorder, proper treatment helps most people with bipolar disorder manage their mood swings and symptoms.
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong and reoccurring illness and requires long-term treatment. An effective treatment plan includes medication and psychotherapy to prevent relapse and reduce symptoms. The most common medications used in the treatment of bipolar disorder include:
- Mood stabilizing medications
- Atypical antipsychotic medications
- Antidepressants
It is often recommended that individuals with bipolar disorder chart their daily mood, treatments, sleep patterns and other life events. This can help doctors adjust medications accordingly, as well as track and treat the disorder more effectively.
We’re here to help
If you or someone you love is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder, please contact Peace Hospital for a no-charge assessment and assistance with treatment options.
Call 502-451-3333 or 800-451-3637.
